Sources and evidence
We prefer current product sites, help centers, pricing pages and published policies. Every VS article lists direct source URLs. We date substantial reviews and revisit volatile claims. A provider's own marketing figures are attributed rather than treated as independently measured facts.
If a feature requires an account or payment and we have not tested it, we describe the published claim and give a practical verification step. We do not assign performance scores without reproducible evidence.
Comparison criteria
We use first-party published information where accessible and a repeatable task protocol. We avoid fixed prices and do not cross the provider's age or terms gate automatically for research.
Readers should recheck plan availability, renewal terms, privacy settings and content rules on the provider's live pages before committing money or personal data. Our conclusions are conditional on different reader needs, not universal rankings.
Corrections and independence
We correct material errors in the affected page and update its review date. Product names, screenshots and links do not imply affiliation. Sponsored relationships, if introduced, will be identified at the point of recommendation and will not alter direct citations to primary sources.